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The President of the Republic of Finland ((フィンランド語:Suomen tasavallan presidentti), (スウェーデン語:Republiken Finlands president)) is the nation's head of state. Under the Finnish constitution, executive power is vested in the president and the government, with the president possessing only residual powers. The president is elected directly by the people of Finland for a term of six years. Since 1991, no president may be elected for more than two consecutive terms. The president must be a native-born Finnish citizen. The office was established by the Constitution Act of 1919. The current office-holder is Sauli Niinistö. Officially the head of state is known as the President of the Republic of Finland ((フィンランド語:Suomen tasavallan presidentti); (スウェーデン語:Republiken Finlands president)) or, more often, the President of the Republic (', '). This is in contrast to the former presidents, who retain the title "President". In other contexts, the generic term for "president" is ' – except for appeals courts and supreme courts where the term ''presidentti'' is used. ==Election== Candidates for president can be nominated by registered parties which have received at least one seat in the preceding parliamentary election. A candidate may also be nominated by 20,000 enfranchised citizens. Between 1919 and 1988, the president was elected indirectly by an electoral college made up of electors chosen by voters in the presidential election. In the 1988 presidential election, a direct and an indirect election were conducted in parallel: if no candidate could gain a majority, the president was elected by an electoral college formed in the same elections. Since 1994, the president has been elected by a direct popular vote. If only one candidate is nominated, he or she becomes president without an election. Otherwise, the first round of balloting takes place on the third Sunday of January in the election year. The elections are two-staged. If one of the candidates receives more than half of the votes cast, he or she is elected president. If no candidate wins a majority in the first stage, the top two candidates rerun in the second stage three weeks later. The candidate who then receives more votes is elected. In the event of a tie, the election is resolved by lot. The Council of State confirms the outcome of the election and, if necessary, conducts the drawing of lots. The president assumes office on the first day of the month following the election (either 1 February or 1 March depending on whether there were one or two rounds). There have been several exceptional presidential elections. The first president, Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, was chosen by the Finnish parliament due to the transition rule of the constitution and also due to the martial law. In 1940 and 1943, the 1937 electoral college chose the president, as it was felt that a popular election could not be arranged due to the martial law (1940) and the Continuation War (1943). In 1944 special legislation directly stipulated that Marshal Mannerheim be elected president for six years after Risto Ryti had resigned mid-term. In 1946, special legislation empowered the Parliament to choose a successor for the remainder of Mannerheim's term (until 1950), the latter having resigned. Parliament then chose Prime Minister Juho Kusti Paasikivi as president. In 1973, special legislation extended President Urho Kekkonen's term by four years until 1978, when he was re-elected regularly. ==Inauguration== The President-elect, accompanied by the Speaker of the Parliament and the outgoing President, assumes office on the first day of the month following the election by making a solemn affirmation in both Finnish and Swedish at a ceremony in Parliament House. The affirmation is specified in Section 56 of the Constitution: *In Finnish: "" *In Swedish: "" *In English: ''"I, N.N., whom the people of Finland have elected President of the Republic of Finland, affirm that in the execution of my office as President I shall sincerely and faithfully observe the Constitution and laws of the Republic and to the best of my ability promote the welfare of the Finnish people."'' The term of the president-elect begins and that of their predecessor ends at the moment the solemn affirmation has been made (about 12:20 on the day of the inauguration). After the inauguration, the new president, accompanied by his or her predecessor, inspects the guard of honour outside Parliament House. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「President of Finland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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